The French Lieutenant's Woman was written by John Fowles. It is a postmodern historical fiction novel published in 1969. The story is set in Victorian England and explores the complex relationship between Charles Smithson, a gentleman and amateur naturalist, and Sarah Woodruff, the titular character who is an independent woman with a mysterious past. The novel is notable for its metafictional style and multiple endings, reflecting on societal norms and gender roles of the Victorian era.