Israel and Gaza are fighting due to a longstanding and complex conflict rooted in territorial disputes, political control, and historical grievances. The current war escalated notably on October 7, 2023, when Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups launched a surprise attack on Israel, killing over 1,000 Israelis and taking hostages. This was followed by a strong Israeli military response, including a blockade and invasions aimed at destroying Hamas and freeing hostages. The core reasons for the conflict include Israeli occupation and blockade of Gaza, restrictions on the movement and rights of Palestinians, attacks and violence on both sides, and differing political and territorial claims. Hamas frames its attacks as responses to Israeli occupation, blockades, and what it views as violations such as attacks on holy sites and Palestinian prisoners' detentions. Israel considers Hamas a terrorist organization and seeks to maintain security and prevent attacks on its territory. The conflict has caused massive casualties, severe humanitarian crises in Gaza due to blockades and warfare, and ongoing cycles of violence, with ceasefires repeatedly breaking down. Israel's goals have included demilitarizing Gaza and maintaining security control, while Hamas seeks to resist Israeli control and assert Palestinian rights and sovereignty. The fighting is deeply embedded in decades of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, broader regional tensions, and failed peace efforts.
