Swollen feet and ankles (edema) are caused by the buildup of excess fluid in the tissues of these areas. Common causes include prolonged sitting or standing, eating too much salty food, obesity, pregnancy, certain medications, and weakened circulation. More serious causes can be heart, kidney, or liver problems, blood clots, infections, or injuries. Swelling often goes away on its own but persistent, painful, or rapidly worsening swelling requires medical evaluation.
Common Causes of Swelling
- Prolonged sitting or standing causes fluid to pool due to gravity.
- Excess salt intake leads to water retention.
- Pregnancy increases blood volume and pressure on veins.
- Medications like blood pressure drugs, steroids, and contraceptives may cause edema.
- Obesity and aging strain circulation.
- Injuries, infections, and skin conditions in the feet or ankles.
Serious Conditions to Consider
- Heart failure, kidney disease, or liver problems may cause severe swelling.
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis) block blood flow and cause swelling and pain.
- Infections or inflammation may cause redness, heat, and swelling.
- If swelling is sudden, painful, or accompanied by shortness of breath, urgent care is necessary.
If swelling persists beyond a few days or worsens, consulting a healthcare provider is advised for proper diagnosis and treatment.
