Rivers are critically important for several key reasons: they provide essential resources such as food, fresh water, power, transportation, and sanitation; they support rich and diverse ecosystems; and they play a vital role in human culture and livelihoods. Nearly 90% of the earth’s population lives near river systems. Rivers house about 50% of all fish species and support wetlands that provide homes for around 40% of the world’s species. They irrigate 62% of all irrigated land, which accounts for 40% of global food production, supporting approximately a quarter of the world’s food supply. Additionally, rivers sustain fisheries that supply primary protein sources and livelihoods for millions of people. Beyond ecology, rivers provide hydroelectric power, transportation routes, flood protection, and recreational opportunities. They have also shaped human history by enabling the rise of great civilizations and cities. Protecting rivers is essential due to their multifaceted roles in sustaining both nature and human societies.
Ecological Importance
- Rivers support diverse life forms including many fish species, aquatic birds, and plants.
- They maintain wetlands and marshes crucial for global biodiversity.
Economic and Livelihood Importance
- Rivers support agriculture through irrigation, contributing to 40% of global food production.
- Provide fisheries crucial to the diets and economies of millions worldwide.
- Generate hydroelectric power and enable transport of goods.
Cultural and Recreational Importance
- Rivers have historically been the cradle of civilizations.
- Offer recreation and tourism opportunities that boost local economies.
Environmental Services
- Provide clean drinking water and help in natural flood control by absorbing excess water in floodplains.
The comprehensive value of rivers underlines the need for their conservation to protect biodiversity, secure human livelihoods, and maintain ecosystem services.
