why do dogs pant

Dogs pant primarily to cool down because they have very few sweat glands and cannot effectively sweat like humans. Panting helps them regulate their body temperature by rapidly breathing air in and out, which causes moisture on their tongue, mouth, and upper respiratory tract to evaporate, cooling their body through this evaporation process. In addition to temperature regulation, dogs also pant after physical activity to increase oxygen intake. They may pant due to excitement or happiness, or as a response to stress, anxiety, pain, illness, or certain health conditions. Excessive panting can be a sign of heatstroke, obesity, allergic reactions, poisoning, or other underlying medical problems, so it should be monitored carefully, especially if extreme or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. In summary, panting is a natural and essential behavior for dogs to cool themselves down and communicate their emotional and physical states, but excessive or abnormal panting may require veterinary attention.