Canker sores (aphthous ulcers) happen when small areas of the lining inside your mouth become inflamed or irritated. If you’re asking why they’re happening often, several common factors can contribute, and some people are more prone than others. Possible reasons you may be getting them frequently
- Immune system or underlying conditions
- A tendency toward recurrent aphthous stomatitis can run in families and may be associated with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions in some people. Certain immune reactions can trigger more frequent outbreaks.
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron, zinc, or folic acid have been linked to more frequent canker sores in some individuals. A balanced diet or appropriate supplements (as advised by a clinician) can help in some cases.
- Hormonal and stress factors
- Hormonal fluctuations (including menstrual cycles) and stress are commonly reported triggers that can increase the frequency of outbreaks.
- Local trauma and irritants
- Mouth injuries from sharp foods, dental devices, brushing too hard, or dental appliances can initiate sores, especially if the mouth is repeatedly irritated. Acidic or spicy foods can aggravate existing sores.
- Infections or illnesses
- Viral infections or illnesses can temporarily increase susceptibility or trigger sores in some people. The relationship is not fully understood, but illness-related stress on the body is a factor for some.
- Genetics and individual susceptibility
- Some individuals are genetically predisposed to recurring ulcers without an identifiable external trigger.
When to seek medical evaluation
- Sores that are unusually large, persistent beyond two weeks, or accompanied by high fever, severe pain, difficulty eating or drinking, or signs of infection should be evaluated.
- Recurrent sores that significantly impact daily life, or that begin after starting new medications, should be discussed with a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions or deficiencies.
- If you have a history of autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or nutritional deficiencies, a clinician can tailor workup (blood tests or dietary assessment) as needed.
What you can try at home
- Gentle oral care: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-irritating toothpaste; maintain good oral hygiene to prevent secondary infection.
- Diet adjustments: Track whether acidic, spicy, or rough-textured foods seem to trigger or worsen outbreaks, and consider reducing those during flare-ups. Ensure adequate intake of iron, zinc, B12, and folate through diet or supplements (under medical advice).
- Stress management: Techniques such as mindfulness, regular sleep, and balanced routines may help reduce outbreak frequency for some people.
- Topical treatments: Over-the-counter or prescribed gels, mouth rinses, or protective pastes can soothe pain and promote healing. Discuss options with a clinician if needed.
Bottom line
Frequent canker sores can result from a mix of immune/health factors,
nutritional status, stress, hormonal changes, and local irritation. If the
frequency or severity is rising, or if there are concerning symptoms, a
healthcare professional can assess for underlying causes and recommend
targeted treatment or dietary adjustments.
