why do i get leg cramps at night

Leg cramps at night, also called nocturnal leg cramps, are involuntary, painful muscle contractions usually affecting the calf muscles. The exact cause is often unknown, but several factors contribute to these cramps. Common causes include muscle fatigue or overexertion, sitting or standing for long periods, dehydration, and abnormal nerve activity. Aging is a risk factor because tendons tend to shorten over time. Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, nerve disorders, cardiovascular issues, pregnancy, and medication side effects can also increase the likelihood of leg cramps at night. The position of the feet during sleep (often pointing downward, shortening calf muscles) might also trigger cramps. Stress, electrolyte imbalances, and poor blood flow are additional contributors. While harmless in most cases, frequent or severe cramps can disrupt sleep and might warrant medical evaluation to rule out underlying conditions. Stretching leg muscles before bed, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged sitting or standing can help reduce the occurrence of nighttime leg cramps.