White spots on nails, medically called leukonychia, are common and usually harmless. They most often result from minor trauma to the nail (nail bumper, tapping, or picking at a hangnail) that disrupts the nail plate as it grows in. Other possible, less common causes include allergic reactions to nail products, fungal infections, hereditary conditions, certain medications, or less commonly underlying health issues. In most cases, the spots grow out with the nail over weeks to months as the nail is replaced. Key points to consider
- How it looks: Small white dots or lines that move toward the tip as the nail grows are typically benign. Widespread whitening, unusual shapes, or persistent changes beyond several months may warrant closer evaluation.
- Trauma history: If you recently bumped or injured a nail, or if you’ve been doing manicures, using gel/acrylic products, or exposing nails to harsh chemicals, these could explain the spots.
- Nail care and exposure: Frequent use of harsh nail polish removers, prolonged immersion in water, or aggressive filing can contribute to leukonychia or irritation that looks like spots.
- Red flags: If white spots are accompanied by nail thinning, cracking, pain, redness around the nail, or if spots appear suddenly and are widespread across many nails, seek medical advice to rule out fungal infections, psoriasis, or other conditions.
When to see a clinician
- Spots are large, numerous, or spreading quickly across many nails.
- There is pain, swelling, or redness around the nails.
- You have a known skin condition, a weakened immune system, or you’re taking medications that affect the nails.
- You notice other symptoms such as changes in nail color, texture, or growth patterns.
What you can do now
- Observe growth: Track whether the spots move with nail growth. This can help differentiate simple trauma from other causes.
- Gentle nail care: Use mild nail products, avoid harsh removers, and give nails a break from acrylics/gel if you suspect sensitivity.
- Protect nails: Wear gloves for cleaning or dishwashing to minimize trauma and chemical exposure.
- If concerned or if symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional (primary care physician or dermatologist) for a proper evaluation. They may examine the nails, review medications, and, if needed, perform tests to rule out infections or other conditions.
If you’d like, share any details about recent nail trauma, new lotions or polishes, ongoing health issues, or medications, and a more tailored explanation can be provided.
