The reason for repeatedly getting bacterial vaginosis (BV) is multifactorial and can be due to several overlapping causes. BV happens when the balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, with a decrease in good bacteria like Lactobacilli and an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. Several factors contribute to this imbalance and cause recurrent BV:
- Sexual activity, especially unprotected sex, having multiple partners, a new partner, or sharing sex toys without proper hygiene, can transmit bacteria and alter vaginal flora.
- Hormonal changes related to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, birth control, or menopause influence vaginal bacterial balance.
- Lifestyle factors like smoking, douching, using scented feminine products, and stress may increase BV risk.
- Some women may naturally be more prone to BV due to genetics or their unique vaginal microbiome.
- Incomplete treatment or reinfection from untreated sexual partners can lead to persistent or recurrent BV.
- Use of an intrauterine device (IUD), particularly with copper coils, can sometimes cause BV by changing vaginal bacteria.
- BV can also recur after menstruation or sex because those activities change vaginal pH and bacteria.
Despite treatment, BV often comes back because the root cause of bacterial imbalance is not fully resolved or new disruptions keep happening. To reduce recurrence, consistent condom use, avoiding douching and scented products, properly completing prescribed treatment, and consulting a healthcare provider for personalized management are recommended. Some natural remedies like boric acid exist but should only be used under medical advice. Thus, repeated BV results from a complex interplay of behavior, biology, treatment factors, and environmental influences on vaginal bacteria balance.
