Canker sores in the mouth are commonly caused by a variety of factors such as minor mouth injuries (like biting the cheek or tongue), emotional stress, hormonal changes, certain vitamin deficiencies (especially vitamin B12, folate, and iron), and sensitivities or allergies to foods or dental products. Other contributing factors include a weakened immune system, genetic predisposition, and certain medical conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases. These sores are not contagious and typically heal on their own within one to two weeks, though recurrent canker sores may require management of underlying triggers and sometimes medical treatment.
Common Causes of Recurrent Canker Sores
- Mouth trauma or injury (e.g., biting, dental work, rough brushing)
- Emotional or psychological stress
- Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)
- Vitamin and mineral deficiencies (vitamin B12, folate, iron)
- Food sensitivities (chocolate, coffee, acidic or spicy foods)
- Immune system dysfunction
- Genetics and family history
- Certain medications or toothpaste ingredients (like sodium lauryl sulfate)
Prevention and Management
- Avoid foods and oral care products that trigger sores
- Maintain good oral hygiene with a soft-bristle toothbrush
- Use protective measures such as mouthguards if involved in sports
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques
- Treat deficiencies with appropriate supplementation if advised by a healthcare provider
- Consult healthcare professionals for persistent or severe cases to explore treatments like topical corticosteroids or mouth rinses.
If the occurrence of canker sores is frequent or unusually severe, it may be important to seek medical evaluation to rule out underlying health issues and receive targeted treatment.
