The main reason for repeatedly getting cold sores is the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which causes cold sores and stays in the body for life. After the initial infection, the virus becomes dormant in nerve cells of the face but can reactivate due to various triggers, causing recurrent outbreaks in the same area. Triggers include emotional stress, fever, fatigue, sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as menstruation), physical strain, illness, and skin damage from cold or wind. The outbreaks usually start with a tingling or burning sensation followed by blisters. The frequency and severity of outbreaks vary among individuals, with some having several outbreaks a year and others rarely any after the initial episode. Over time, outbreaks tend to become less severe and less frequent, especially after age 35.
Preventive measures include avoiding known triggers like excessive sun exposure by using sunscreen, managing stress through healthy habits like sleep and exercise, and protecting the lips from wind and cold. While there is no cure for the herpes virus, antiviral treatments may help reduce outbreak severity and frequency in some cases.
