The main reasons for repeatedly getting urinary tract infections (UTIs), also sometimes referred to as "water infections," include recurring bacterial exposure (often from E. coli bacteria), incomplete treatment of previous infections, anatomical differences in the urinary tract, hormonal changes (especially around menstruation or menopause), sexual activity, and certain hygiene practices. Key factors contributing to repeated UTIs are:
- Incomplete clearance of bacteria after antibiotic treatment or antibiotic resistance.
- Bacteria being reintroduced into the urinary tract due to sex or improper hygiene.
- Hormonal shifts that disrupt the natural protective vaginal flora.
- Use of spermicides or certain birth control methods that can kill good bacteria.
- Structural differences or abnormalities in the urinary tract.
- Underlying health conditions like diabetes or weakened immunity.
- Holding urine for long periods or not drinking enough fluids to flush the urinary system.
Also, UTIs frequently recur in women more than men because of their shorter urethra that allows easier bacterial entry. Postmenopause, reduced vaginal acidity and fewer protective bacteria increase risk. Genetics and family history also play a role. To prevent recurrent infections, experts recommend:
- Staying well hydrated to flush out bacteria.
- Urinating promptly after sex.
- Wiping from front to back after using the toilet.
- Avoiding irritating feminine products.
- Considering probiotics to maintain healthy vaginal flora.
- Consulting a healthcare provider for tailored treatment or preventive strategies like low-dose antibiotics or vaginal estrogen if appropriate.
Frequent recurring infections warrant medical evaluation to rule out other issues or complications and to ensure the infection is fully treated. Thus, persistent or repeated water infections usually arise from a combination of bacterial factors, individual anatomy, hygiene, and lifestyle influences that allow bacteria to infiltrate and persist in the urinary tract.
