Hiccups occur because of involuntary spasms or contractions of the diaphragm, the muscle just below the lungs that is crucial for breathing. When the diaphragm spasms, it causes a sudden intake of breath that is abruptly stopped by the closing of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic "hic" sound. This reflex can be triggered by various factors, such as eating or drinking too quickly, consuming carbonated beverages or alcohol, emotional stress or excitement, sudden temperature changes, and swallowing air. In some cases, hiccups may be caused by irritation or damage to the nerves that control the diaphragm, or by certain medical conditions and medications.
How Hiccups Happen
- The diaphragm contracts involuntarily and suddenly.
- The vocal cords close quickly in response, causing the distinctive hiccup sound.
- This causes a brief interruption in breathing.
Common Triggers
- Eating too much or too fast
- Drinking carbonated drinks or alcohol
- Emotional excitement or stress
- Swallowing air from chewing gum, laughing, or smoking
- Sudden changes in temperature
Less Common Causes
- Nerve irritation or damage affecting the vagus or phrenic nerves that control the diaphragm
- Certain medical conditions like infections, metabolic disorders, or central nervous system issues
- Some medications, including anesthesia drugs and steroids
Most hiccup episodes are short-lived and resolve on their own, but persistent hiccups lasting more than 48 hours could indicate a more serious underlying problem and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
