Zinc is needed because it helps almost every part of the body work properly, even though only tiny amounts are required. It is an essential mineral, meaning it must come from food or supplements, not from the body itself.
Core body functions
Zinc is involved in hundreds of enzyme reactions that control metabolism, digestion, and nerve function, so it helps cells carry out their basic work. Without enough zinc, the body struggles with making DNA and proteins, which are necessary for cell growth and repair.
Immune system and healing
The immune system needs zinc to develop and activate many of the white blood cells that fight infections, so low zinc can make infections more frequent or harder to shake. Zinc also supports skin repair and wound healing, which is why deficiency can lead to slow‑healing cuts and skin problems.
Growth, pregnancy, and development
Growing bodies need zinc for normal cell division, so it is especially important in pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and the teenage years. Adequate zinc supports normal development of organs and tissues, including the reproductive system.
Senses and hormones
Zinc is required for normal taste and smell, and low levels can blunt these senses. It also helps hormones like insulin work properly and supports normal metabolism and thyroid function.
What happens if we lack it
Zinc deficiency can cause poor growth in children, more frequent infections, delayed wound healing, skin rashes, and changes in taste or smell. Most people can meet their needs through a varied diet, but strict diets, certain illnesses, and heavy alcohol use can increase the risk of not getting enough.
