Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, form when various debris such as food particles, dead cells, mucus, and bacteria get trapped in the crevices (tonsillar crypts) of the tonsils. This trapped debris hardens or calcifies over time into small, hard deposits known as tonsil stones. Several factors contribute to their formation:
- Poor oral hygiene can lead to the accumulation of these particles and bacteria.
- Chronic tonsillitis or repeated infections cause inflammation that can enlarge the tonsil crypts, offering more space for debris to collect.
- Enlarged tonsils with deeper crypts are more likely to trap debris.
- Dry mouth reduces saliva flow, impairing natural cleansing of the mouth.
- Diets high in dairy or processed foods may leave residue that contributes to stone formation.
- Nasal congestion or allergies causing mouth breathing can lead to dryness and more debris buildup.
- Some people naturally produce more debris or have more tonsil crevices, making them more prone to stones.
Tonsil stones are generally harmless but can cause bad breath, throat irritation, a sensation of something stuck in the throat, and occasionally ear pain or difficulty swallowing if large enough. They are quite common and vary in size and frequency among individuals.
