An orchestra needs a conductor primarily to unify the performers, set the tempo, ensure correct entries, and shape the phrasing of the music. The conductor serves as a guide who interprets the score and communicates artistic decisions to the musicians through gestures and facial expressions, especially during rehearsals and live performances. This includes maintaining timing, dynamics, articulation, and the overall expressive quality of the music. While an orchestra can technically play without a conductor, especially simpler pieces or smaller ensembles, a conductor becomes essential for coordinating large orchestras, managing complex rhythms, and achieving a cohesive and inspired performance. The conductor is also the only person with the full score, allowing them to guide the ensemble on how various parts fit together to realize an artistic vision.
