Cats knead their owners primarily as a sign of affection and contentment, similar to how they kneaded their mothers when nursing. This behavior can bring them comfort, help them relax, and is often accompanied by feelings of trust and safety. Additionally, kneading serves to mark territory by leaving scent from glands in their paws, effectively claiming the owner as their own. Cats may also knead to create a comfortable resting place or to stretch their muscles. While it can sometimes be painful if claws are involved, kneading is a natural, instinctive, and positive behavior indicating that a cat is happy and feels secure with its human companion.