Teeth become sensitive to cold mainly due to exposure of the inner tooth layers or nerves that are normally protected by enamel and gums. This can happen for several reasons:
- Enamel erosion or wear from aggressive brushing, acidic foods, teeth grinding, or aging leads to exposure of the dentin layer under the enamel. The dentin contains tiny tubules that transmit cold sensations directly to the tooth nerve.
- Receding gums expose the tooth roots, which do not have enamel protection, making them more sensitive to cold stimuli.
- Cracks or chips in teeth allow cold to reach the nerve inside the tooth.
- Tooth decay or cavities can compromise protective layers and result in sensitivity.
- Recent dental work may cause temporary cold sensitivity during healing.
The exposed nerve endings or the fluid movement inside the dentinal tubules elicit sharp pain or discomfort when stimulated by cold air or cold liquids. Addressing enamel wear, gum health, and dental issues usually helps reduce cold sensitivity. Using toothpaste for sensitive teeth and consulting a dentist for treatment are common solutions.
