A dog may be pregnant if you observe signs such as increased appetite or sometimes a decreased appetite in the early weeks, weight gain, enlargement and pinker nipples, a swollen belly, tiredness or lethargy, nesting behavior, changes in behavior like increased affection or irritability, and a slight mucus discharge. Some dogs may also experience vomiting or nausea in early pregnancy. Behavioral changes can include seeking more comfort or isolation. These physical and behavioral clues usually become noticeable around 2 to 4 weeks after mating.
To confirm pregnancy, veterinary diagnostic methods are the most reliable. These include:
- Palpation by a veterinarian of the abdomen around 28 to 30 days gestation to feel for fluid-filled sacs (should not be done by owners).
- Ultrasound between 25 and 35 days can detect fetal heartbeats and estimate litter size.
- A hormone blood test (relaxin test) at about 25 to 30 days detecting pregnancy-specific hormones.
- X-rays at about 55 days or later to see skeletal development and count puppies accurately.
If pregnancy is suspected based on signs, visiting a vet for confirmation and proper care guidance is essential.
