Bio-oil is a dark, viscous liquid comprised of hundreds of oxygenated organic compounds, and it is the major product of the fast pyrolysis of biomass. It is also known as pyrolysis oil or bio-crude. Bio-oil is acidic, unstable, and corrosive, which presents challenges for its transportation, piping, and storage. Its fuel value is only 50-70% of petroleum fuels due to its high oxygen content. The exact chemical composition of bio-oil depends on the pyrolysis feedstock and conditions. It is a synthetic fuel with limited industrial application and is under investigation as a substitute for diesel fuel. Bio-oil is a mixture of organic compounds, principally acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and phenols
. As for the positive and negative aspects, bio-oil's high oxygen content and acidity make it unstable and corrosive, presenting challenges for its use as a fuel. However, it is being investigated as a potential substitute for diesel fuel, and research is focused on producing stable and upgradable bio-oil with more favorable properties
. The ingredients or materials of bio-oil are primarily organic compounds, including carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, furans, and sugars, as well as water. Its exact chemical composition depends on the specific feedstock and the conditions of the pyrolysis process
. For more detailed information on the properties and composition of bio-oil, you can refer to the provided sources.
