Bleaching or skin lightening creams are used to attempt to remove localized dark patches or as a fashion trend aiming to reduce normal melanin in the skin. These creams may contain a variety of ingredients, some of which are more effective than others. However, unregulated products are sold in many areas, often without listing their contents or they are labeled incorrectly. They may be safe but completely ineffective, or the chemicals may result in side effects and toxicity.
Some of the active ingredients listed in the product description include ascorbic acid or its derivative, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate 10%, niacinamide, yeast derivatives, polyphenols, soy proteins, kojic acid 1-4%, mequinol 5-20%, isopropylcatechol, N-acetyl-4-cysteaminylphenol, N-acetyl glucosamine, and piceatannol.
Mercury has been banned as an ingredient in skin lightening products in the United States, but products made in other countries still contain it. The use of mercury as an ingredient in skin lighteners is banned in the U.S. However, some skin lighteners produced outside the U.S. may still contain mercury. The active ingredient in some skin lighteners is hydroquinone, which can cause ochronosis, a blue or grey discoloration that looks like a bruise.
Some of the positive attributes of skin lightening products include minimizing dark spots and achieving an overall lighter complexion. However, there are no specific health benefits to skin bleaching, and it can have undesirable side effects. Case studies and reports have linked the use of skin bleaching products to contact dermatitis, skin redness, blisters, skin ulcers, hives, dry, scaly skin, swelling, itching, burning, and tenderness. Skin lightening creams containing mercury have been associated with nephrotic syndrome, which can cause swelling around the eyes, swollen feet and ankles, foamy urine, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
In conclusion, while there are many ingredients in skin lightening products, some of which are safe and effective, it is important to be cautious when using these products. Unregulated products may contain harmful chemicals, and even regulated products can have negative side effects. It is always best to consult with a doctor or dermatologist before using any skin lightening products.
