Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin using a chemical, granular substance, or exfoliation tool. There are two main types of exfoliants: physical exfoliants and chemical exfoliants. Physical exfoliants are granular substances that act like micro scrubs to physically buff the skins surface to remove dead skin cell build-up. Examples of physical exfoliants include cleansing scrubs, body brushes, and loofahs. The biggest advantage of physical exfoliation is the ease of access, as it can be done at home with as little as a muslin washcloth or a DIY scrub. However, if performed incorrectly, physical exfoliation can sometimes irritate the skin and may result in transepidermal water loss.
Chemical exfoliants use enzymes or acid-based solutions that dissolve the protein bonds between dead skin cells, enabling easy removal of dead skin cells. Examples of chemical exfoliants include alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), and polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) . Chemical exfoliants can irritate the skin if done incorrectly, so its important to follow instructions and seek guidance from a dermatologist or other healthcare provider if unsure.
Exfoliants have been used for centuries to promote healthy skin with a youthful glow. They aid in removing dead skin cells from the outermost layer of our skin, and regular exfoliation is required to help maximize the absorption of all the beneficial ingredients needed for the skin. Exfoliants can be found in various skincare products, including serums, masks, and moisturizers. Some common exfoliant ingredients include:
- Cleansing scrubs
- Exfoliating mitts
- Dry brushes
- Loofahs
- Pumice stones
- Microneedling or micro derma rollers
- Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid and lactic acid
- Beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), such as salicylic acid
- Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs), such as lactobionic acid and gluconolactone
- Enzymes, such as trypsin or collagenase)
Its important to note that some exfoliants can lead to dryness, redness, and even more breakouts if overused or used incorrectly. Therefore, its essential to choose the right exfoliant for your skin type and follow instructions carefully.
