Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin using a chemical, granular substance, or exfoliation tool. There are two main types of exfoliants: physical and chemical. Physical exfoliants require manual scrubbing or rubbing and include cleansing scrubs, body brushes, and loofahs. They are easy to access and offer immediate results, but if performed incorrectly, they can irritate the skin and result in transepidermal water loss. On the other hand, chemical exfoliants remove dead skin cells with the use of chemicals to aid in cell turnover. They include alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), polyhydroxy acids, and enzymes). AHAs are derived from natural substances and are ideal for exfoliating dry skin, while BHAs are oil-soluble and can penetrate deeper into pores. Chemical exfoliants can also irritate the skin if done incorrectly, so its important to seek guidance from a dermatologist or healthcare provider if unsure.
When it comes to exfoliants, its important to pay attention to the ingredients or materials used. For physical exfoliation, there are a few abrasive materials to choose from, including cleansing scrubs, exfoliating mitts, dry brushes, loofahs, pumice stones, and microneedling or micro derma rollers. However, its important to avoid large exfoliants like fruit pits and nut shells since they can cause micro-tears in the skin. For chemical exfoliation, its important to look for specific chemicals like AHAs and BHAs that are suitable for your skin type.
Overall, exfoliation can be a beneficial addition to a skincare routine, but its important to choose the right type of exfoliant and use it correctly to avoid skin irritation or damage.
