Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin using a chemical, granular substance, or exfoliation tool. There are two main types of exfoliants: physical and chemical. Physical exfoliants are granular substances that act like micro scrubs to physically buff the skins surface to remove dead skin cell build-up. Examples of physical exfoliants include cleansing scrubs, exfoliating mitts, dry brushes, loofahs, and pumice. The biggest advantage of physical exfoliation is the ease of access, and it offers immediate results. However, if performed incorrectly, physical exfoliation can sometimes irritate the skin and may result in transepidermal water loss. Chemical exfoliants use enzymes or acid-based solutions that dissolve the protein bonds between dead skin cells, enabling easy removal of dead skin cells. Examples of chemical exfoliants include alpha-hydroxy acids (glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid), beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), polyhydroxy acids (lactobionic acid, gluconolactone, and galactose), or enzymes (trypsin or collagenase) ). Dead skin cells can prevent skincare products from being absorbed by the skin, hence, regular exfoliation is required to help maximize the absorption of all the beneficial ingredients needed for the skin. Exfoliants have been used for centuries to promote healthy skin with a youthful glow.
Ingredients or materials used in exfoliants include:
- Cleansing scrubs
- Exfoliating mitts
- Dry brushes
- Loofahs
- Pumice
- Alpha-hydroxy acids (glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid)
- Beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid)
- Polyhydroxy acids (lactobionic acid, gluconolactone, and galactose)
- Enzymes (trypsin or collagenase)
- Sand, salt, sugar grains, coffee grounds, jojoba beads, and even strawberry seeds
Physical exfoliants can be harsh, so it is recommended not to use aggressive exfoliation. Modern alternatives like sponges, brushes, and cloths can help create smooth, glowing skin without being too rough. Overexfoliating can create a super shiny look, which is not desirable, and can cause redness, tightness, and dryness. It is important to be careful not to exfoliate inflamed acne or irritated skin and not to exfoliate too much, as once or twice per week is all it takes.
