You need to apply for a federal student loan every year you want to receive funding. This involves filling out and submitting the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) annually, typically beginning on October 1 for the upcoming school year, with a federal deadline around June 30. Each FAFSA application covers financial aid eligibility for that specific academic year, so renewal each year is necessary to maintain eligibility for federal student loans and other federal aid programs. Applying early within the application window maximizes your chances of receiving aid, as funds are often distributed on a first-come, first-served basis.