Lead paint is dangerous because lead is a toxic metal and there is no known safe level of exposure, especially for young children and pregnant people. The main risk is when old lead-based paint is chipping, peeling, or being sanded or renovated, which creates lead-contaminated dust that can be inhaled or swallowed.
Health risks
Lead exposure can damage the brain and nervous system, cause learning and behavior problems in children, and lead to anemia and impaired growth. In adults, it can contribute to high blood pressure, kidney damage, fertility problems, and neurological issues.
When it is most hazardous
Lead-based paint is a major concern in homes built before 1978, when it was banned for residential use in the United States. It becomes particularly hazardous when it deteriorates or is disturbed during remodeling, because even very small amounts of lead dust can be harmful.
Safety in homes
Intact lead paint that is in good condition and not accessible to children poses much less risk, but it should be monitored and properly maintained. If lead paint is present and deteriorating, experts recommend professional assessment and safe removal or encapsulation rather than dry scraping or sanding it yourself.
Children and pregnancy
Young children absorb lead more easily and often ingest lead dust from floors, toys, and hand-to-mouth behavior, making them the highest-risk group. Lead exposure during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus, including effects on growth and the developing brain and nervous system.
