Melasma is a skin condition characterized by brown or blue-gray patches or freckle-like spots that often appear on the face, including the cheeks, upper lip, and forehead, as well as the forearms. It is a type of hyperpigmentation that is common in women, especially during and after pregnancy, and is caused by an increase in melanin production triggered by changes in hormone levels, especially those caused by pregnancy and oral contraceptives, as well as by the sun. Melasma is not harmful, but it can cause distress when it is very noticeable.
There are several treatments for melasma, including local application, oral medication, physical laser therapy, and program combination therapy. Topical treatments are often used as a first-line therapy for melasma, and they include hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids. However, routine use of these treatments can cause side effects such as skin irritation, redness, and dryness.
Prevention is key to managing melasma, and a sensible attitude to sun protection is the most significant step you can take to helping to prevent or reduce the severity of melasma. Limiting the time spent in the sun, keeping out of the sun during its most intense hours, and wearing protective clothing and sunhats whenever possible are important steps to take. Additionally, treating an underlying hormonal imbalance may help improve melasma symptoms.
In summary, melasma is a skin condition characterized by brown or blue-gray patches or freckle-like spots that often appear on the face and forearms. It is caused by an increase in melanin production triggered by changes in hormone levels and the sun. Topical treatments and prevention measures such as sun protection are key to managing melasma.
