melasma vs sun spots review

Melasma is a common, acquired, circumscribed hypermelanosis of sun-exposed skin that presents as symmetric, hyperpigmented macules having irregular, serrated, and geographic borders. There are several ingredients that have been found to be effective in treating melasma, including hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, topical steroids, glycolic acid, mequinol, arbutin, alpha-tocopheryl ferulate, aloesin, mulberry, niacinamide, ellagic acid, tranexamic acid, phenylethyl resorcinol, tetrapeptide-30, licorice extract, and tocopheryl acetate. These ingredients work by inhibiting melanin production, promoting skin cell turnover, and reducing hyperpigmentation. Photoprotective measures like the avoidance of direct sun-exposure and the regular use of a broad-spectrum UVA/UVB sunblock are also important in managing melasma. It is recommended to speak to a doctor before starting any treatment regimen.