Pigmentation Definition
Pigmentation refers to the natural color of the skin, hair, and eyes, which is determined by the amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes. Melanin is a complex polymer that originates from the amino acid tyrosine and is responsible for producing skin and hair pigmentation. There are two types of melanin: eumelanin, which is responsible for dark colors in skin, eyes, and hair, and pheomelanin, which pigments pinkish parts of the body such as lips and nipples.
Positive Effects of Melanin
Melanin provides pigmentation to the skin, eyes, and hair, and absorbs harmful UV (ultraviolet) rays, protecting cells from sun damage. Melanin also protects the skin from reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of the bodys cell processes.
Negative Effects of Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation occurs when darker patches appear on the skin, and it can be caused by several things, including age spots, melasma, and skin inflammation. While increased pigmentation is usually harmless, it can be a symptom of another medical condition, such as Addisons disease. Hyperpigmentation can also be a side effect of some drugs, such as those used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Ingredients or Materials
Topical treatments for hyperpigmentation may include ingredients that can lighten the skin, such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and retinoids. However, people should speak with a doctor before using skin-lightening products, as they may cause adverse effects. Cosmetic procedures for hyperpigmentation include laser therapy, intense pulsed light, and chemical peels. Pigment dispersion is a process used in the coatings industry to ensure that pigments and fillers are evenly distributed in a coating.
