A tampon is a menstrual product designed to absorb blood and vaginal secretions by insertion into the vagina during menstruation. Tampons are made of cotton, rayon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and fiber finishes. Organic cotton tampons are biodegradable, but must be composted to ensure they break down in a reasonable amount of time. Tampons cleared by the FDA are meant to be used one time and then thrown away. No tampon should be used more than once. The absorbent fibers used in FDA-cleared tampons sold today are made with a bleaching process that is free from elemental chlorine, which also prevents products from having dangerous levels of dioxin (a type of pollutant found in the environment) . Before any tampons can be legally sold in the U.S., they must go through the FDA’s review to determine whether they are as safe and effective as (substantially equivalent to) legally marketed tampons. As part of the FDA’s review, manufacturers submit data including the results of testing to evaluate the safety of the materials used to make tampons and applicators (if present); tampon absorbency, strength, and integrity.
Positive aspects of tampons include their effectiveness in absorbing menstrual flow and their convenience for active women. However, tampons may have negative aspects such as the potential for toxic shock syndrome (TSS) if not used properly. Some tampon brands contain chemicals like dioxins, which could be harmful to women. People with sensitive skin may have reactions to the materials used in menstrual products, such as the fragrances used in some pads. Menstrual products such as tampons and pads often contain plastics and chemicals that are bad for the environment. Stock-outs and supply chain disruptions mean that communities could lose access to menstrual pads, tampons and other menstrual materials.
