Vital signs are measurements of the bodys most basic functions and help detect or monitor medical problems. The four primary vital signs are:
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Body temperature: This is the measurement of the bodys internal temperature. Normal body temperature ranges from 97.8°F to 99°F (36.5°C to 37.2°C) .
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Pulse rate: This is the measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. Normal pulse rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
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Breathing rate (respiration): This is the measurement of the number of breaths taken per minute. Normal breathing rate ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
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Blood pressure: This is the measurement of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number). Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg.
In addition to the four primary vital signs, there are other measurements that can be considered vital signs depending on the context. For example, oxygen saturation (the amount of oxygen in the blood) is sometimes considered a fifth vital sign.
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