Water wells use a pump to move groundwater into the home, with several common types and setup options. Here’s a concise guide to help you understand how they work and what to consider.
How a well pump works
- A pressure system uses a storage tank (pressure tank) and a switch. When fixtures are opened, water pressure drops and a switch signals the pump to run until the tank is pressurized again. This cycle repeats to maintain steady water pressure in the home. [tool-derived context: general well-pump operation]
- Pumps are either:
- Submersible pumps that sit submerged in the well and push water up through a discharge pipe.
- Jet or centrifugal pumps that sit above ground or at the top of the well and create suction to draw water.
Common pump types by depth
- Shallow wells (roughly up to 25 feet): options include single-drop jet pumps or certain centrifugal pumps. These are easier to access but require the pump to draw water from a shallow source.
- Medium-depth wells (25 to 110 feet): double-drop jet pumps or similarly capable pumps provide adequate draw for typical homes.
- Deep wells (110 to 400 feet): submersible pumps are generally used to reach deeper aquifers and deliver water under pressure to the home.
Key components
- Well casing and drop pipe: protects and channels water from the well to the surface.
- Pressure tank and switch: regulate pressure and turn the pump on/off to maintain consistent flow and protect the pump.
- Check valve and fittings: prevent backflow and maintain system efficiency.
- Electrical supply: most pumps run on household electricity, sometimes with backup power or solar options.
What to consider when choosing or diagnosing
- Well depth and water table stability: determine whether a shallow or deep-well pump is appropriate. Depth impacts efficiency and maintenance needs.
- Desired water pressure and flow: larger homes or multiple bathrooms require higher flow rates.
- Pump efficiency and reliability: modern energy-efficient pumps reduce running costs and wear.
- Maintenance needs: submersible pumps are less accessible for service; jet pumps are easier to service but may be less suited for deep wells.
- Backup options: consider a generator or battery backup if power outages are common.
- System integration: some homes include a storage tank, booster pump, or irrigation-specific pumps.
If you’d like, provide details about your well depth, water usage, and any symptoms (e.g., no water, low pressure, frequent pump cycling). A tailored recommendation can be given for pump type, capacity, and basic troubleshooting steps.
