Weight loss products can contain dozens of ingredients, and some contain more than 90. Manufacturers market these products with various claims, including that they reduce macronutrient absorption, appetite, body fat, and weight and increase metabolism and thermogenesis. However, little is known about whether weight loss supplements are effective, and some supplements have been associated with the potential for physical harm. Many weight-loss supplements are costly, and some of these products’ ingredients can interact or interfere with certain medications. Therefore, it is important to consider what is known—and not known—about each ingredient in any dietary supplement before using it.
Common ingredients in weight-loss supplements include botanicals (herbs and other plant components), dietary fiber, caffeine, and minerals. Weight-loss supplements contain many ingredients in different amounts and in many combinations. Some weight-loss supplements have ingredients that haven’t been tested in combination with one another, and their combined effects are unknown. Some weight loss supplements contain ingredients that are contaminated, ineffective, dangerous, or actually illegal. For example, sibutramine is a stimulant and appetite suppressant that was withdrawn from the market due to its potential for harm. Fluoxetine, a prescription antidepressant, has also been found in dietary supplements for weight loss.
Prescription weight loss medications, including GLP-1 agonists, orlistat, and setmelanotide, may be effective for some people. However, these medications require a prescription from a doctor and should only be taken under medical supervision. They should be combined with a balanced weight loss diet, as alone, they’re not likely a helpful long-term solution for obesity and may lead to weight regain over time. They also have many possible side effects, some of which can be serious. Most weight loss medications are not recommended for pregnant women or people with certain medical conditions.
In summary, weight loss products can contain a variety of ingredients, some of which may be harmful or ineffective. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any weight loss supplement or medication, especially if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, or other medical conditions.
