Amniotic fluid leaks primarily because of a hole or tear in the amniotic sac, which is the membrane that contains the fluid surrounding the baby in the womb. This rupture of the sac can occur naturally as a prelude to the onset of labor, commonly known as the "water breaking." However, leaks can also happen earlier in pregnancy due to various factors. Common causes of amniotic fluid leakage include:
- Partial rupture of the amniotic sac, resulting in fluid leaking through a small hole, often happening later in pregnancy.
- Placental problems, where insufficient blood and nutrients reduce the baby's urine output, causing less amniotic fluid.
- Medications for high blood pressure or preterm labor that affect the baby's kidney function and urine production.
- Abnormalities in the baby that affect the production or swallowing of amniotic fluid.
- Infections of the uterus, cervix, or vagina can weaken membranes and cause leakage.
- Excessive stretching of the amniotic sac due to multiple babies or too much amniotic fluid.
- History of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or certain risk factors like smoking or cervical surgery.
Leaking amniotic fluid is a serious concern, especially if it happens early in pregnancy, as it can impact fetal development and increase the risk of infection or preterm birth. Immediate medical consultation is recommended if there is suspicion of amniotic fluid leakage.
