Hernias in babies occur when there is a weakness in the abdominal wall where tissue, typically intestines or fat, can project through and cause a bulge. Openings in the abdominal wall are normal in babies and typically close before or right after birth. Hernias in babies and children usually develop when these openings do not close, allowing the intestines or other organs to push through the openings. The following are the types of hernias that can occur in babies:
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Inguinal hernia: This occurs when a loop of intestine moves into the inguinal canal through the weak spot in the belly wall. The inguinal canal is present in both boys and girls during fetal development, but it usually closes before birth. In some cases, the canal doesnt fully close, and a loop of intestine can move into the inguinal canal through the weak spot in the belly wall, causing an inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernias are more common in boys.
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Umbilical hernia: This occurs when the umbilical ring, which is the opening in the abdominal muscles where the umbilical cord passes through, doesnt close properly after birth. This allows a portion of the intestine or other abdominal contents to protrude through the opening, causing a bulge near the belly button. Umbilical hernias are very common, especially in premature babies and babies with certain diseases.
Symptoms of a hernia in a baby may include a lump or swelling near the groin or belly button, pain or tenderness, and fussiness or irritability. It is important for parents to know how to spot the signs of a hernia in a baby, as children, particularly babies and toddlers, are often too young to describe symptoms of a hernia.
