Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord called meninges. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and non-infectious conditions. Here are some of the most common causes of meningitis in adults:
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Bacterial Infections: Bacterial meningitis is a serious illness that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The most common bacteria that cause meningitis in adults are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Listeria monocytogenes.
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Viral Infections: Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis. Enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis in adults.
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Fungal Infections: Fungal meningitis is rare but can occur in people with weakened immune systems. It is usually caused by inhaling fungal spores from the environment.
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Parasitic Infections: Parasitic meningitis is much less common than viral and bacterial meningitis. It is caused by parasites that usually affect animals, and people can get it by eating contaminated food.
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Non-Infectious Conditions: Meningitis can also be caused by non-infectious conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and reactions to certain medications.
It is important to know the specific cause of meningitis because the treatment differs depending on the cause. Bacterial meningitis requires immediate medical attention and is treated with antibiotics, while viral meningitis usually gets better on its own. Vaccines are available to help prevent some kinds of bacterial and viral meningitis.
