Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microscopic life forms that were previously unknown. His key discoveries include bacteria (which he called "animalcules"), protozoa, red blood cells, spermatozoa, and microscopic nematodes and rotifers. He was the first to observe these living microorganisms using microscopes he crafted himself, with magnifications up to 300-500 times. Leeuwenhoek also studied muscle fibers, blood circulation through capillaries, and other microscopic structures, laying the foundation for microbiology and cell theory.
Major Discoveries by Leeuwenhoek
- Bacteria and protozoa, observed for the first time in 1674-1676.
- Red blood cells and detailed blood flow in capillaries.
- Spermatozoa from animals and humans.
- Microscopic nematodes and rotifers.
- Muscle fiber striations and cell vacuoles.
- Microscopic life in water samples (like pond and rainwater).
- Detailed studies on insect eggs, aphids, and generation of shellfish.
His observation of bacteria in dental plaque (1683) was a monumental contribution to microbiology, and he meticulously documented his findings to the Royal Society for over 50 years.
