Pigeons eat a varied diet that includes seeds, grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and berries. They also occasionally consume insects, worms, and small invertebrates to fulfill their protein and fat needs. Wild pigeons mainly eat natural plant matter, while urban pigeons have adapted to scavenging food scraps like bread, pasta, and meat from human environments. In captivity, pigeons are typically fed commercial seed mixes enriched with vitamins, along with some fresh vegetables and fruits for a balanced diet.
What Pigeons Eat in the Wild
- Seeds, grains, nuts, and berries
- Vegetables and leafy greens
- Insects, earthworms, snails occasionally for protein
- Fresh water
Urban Pigeons' Diet
- Bread and pasta
- Meat scraps and confectionery
- Scavenged human food leftovers (though not healthy for them)
Captive Pigeon Diet
- Commercial seed and grain mixes (corn, wheat, peas, millet)
- Fresh vegetables (cabbage, leafy greens)
- Fruits (berries, chopped apples, and pears)
- Occasional protein from mealworms or insects
Pigeons are opportunistic eaters and can survive on a wide variety of foods but thrive best on a diverse diet with adequate nutrients.
