A welfare state is a type of government that is responsible for its citizens basic social and economic security. The main functions of a welfare state are:
Compulsory Functions:
- To provide political security
- To achieve international cooperation
- To seek public welfare
- Cultural development
Optional Functions:
- Environmental protection
- Moral reform
- Social transformation
- Economic development
The welfare state provides basic economic security for its citizens by protecting them from market risks associated with old age, unemployment, and poverty. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The activities of present-day welfare states extend to the provision of both cash welfare benefits (such as old-age pensions or unemployment benefits) and in-kind welfare services (such as health or childcare services) . Through these provisions, welfare states can affect the distribution of wellbeing and personal autonomy among their citizens, as well as influencing how their citizens consume and how they spend their time.
