what is called polar bonds

Polar bonds, also known as polar covalent bonds, occur when two atoms share electrons unequally in a covalent bond. This happens because the atoms involved have different electronegativities, meaning one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other. As a result, one atom gets a partial negative charge, while the other gets a partial positive charge due to this unequal electron sharing. The difference in electronegativity between the two atoms typically ranges from about 0.4 to 1.7 for a bond to be considered polar. Polar bonds create an electrical dipole, where one end of the bond is slightly negative and the opposite end is slightly positive, such as the bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules.