Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the swelling of one or both kidneys due to the build-up of urine inside them. This can occur when urine is unable to drain from the kidney, leading to the distention of the renal pelvis. It can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract blockages, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, pregnancy, or certain diseases. The condition can lead to symptoms such as pain in the back, side, or abdomen, frequent urination, blood in the urine, nausea, and fever. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications, and the approach to treatment depends on the underlying cause, ranging from a wait-and-see approach to surgical intervention. Severe hydronephrosis can potentially lead to kidney damage and failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant
. The most common causes of hydronephrosis include:
- Urinary tract blockages
- Kidney stones
- Congenital abnormalities
- Pregnancy
- Enlarged prostate
- Tumors or certain diseases such as bladder, cervical, colon, or prostate cancer
