Irony, as a figure of speech, is the expression of meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, often for humorous or emphatic effect. It involves a contradiction or incongruity between what is said and what is actually meant or between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs
. There are three main types of irony in literature and rhetoric:
- Verbal irony: When the speaker says something but means the opposite. For example, saying "What lovely weather we're having!" during a heavy rainstorm
- Dramatic irony: When the audience knows more about a situation than the characters do, creating a contrast between the character's understanding and the reality
- Situational irony: When the actual outcome of a situation is the opposite of what was expected, such as a fire station catching fire
Irony serves to add depth, humor, and complexity to communication by highlighting contrasts between appearance and reality, often prompting the audience to think critically or see things in a new light
. It can also be used to express sarcasm, ridicule, or social critique
. In summary, irony is a rhetorical device that conveys a meaning opposite to the literal words or expected outcome, enriching language and storytelling with layers of meaning and surprise
