what is lymes disease

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, primarily Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (deer ticks). It is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease typically starts with an expanding red rash called erythema migrans at the site of the tick bite, along with symptoms like fever, headache, and fatigue. If untreated, Lyme disease can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system, causing more severe symptoms. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, tick exposure history, and sometimes blood tests. Treatment with antibiotics is usually effective, especially when started early. Preventive measures include avoiding tick bites through protective clothing and insect repellents.