Paryushan Parva is the most important annual holy event for Jains and is usually celebrated in August or September in the Lunisolar Hindu calendar. It is a time of intensive study, reflection, and purification, and is observed over a span of eight or ten days, depending on the Jain sect and region. During this auspicious festival, Jains engage in various religious practices and rituals to purify their souls and seek forgiveness for their sins. The festival serves as a time for self-reflection, introspection, and self-improvement, aiming to achieve spiritual enlightenment and liberation.
The monks and nuns who have to maintain fixed residence during the rainy season abide with the laity and are available to them for instruction and guidance. It is also a time when the laity take on various temporary vows of study and fasting, a spiritual intensity similar to temporary monasticism. The five main vows of Jainism are emphasized during this time, and followers are encouraged to practice according to their ability and desires.
The duration of Paryushana is 8 days for Śvētāmbara Jains and 10 days for Jains belonging to the Digambara sect. It is called Das Lakshana by Digambar Jains, a 10-day spiritual festival that starts when Paryushan of Śvētāmbara ends, on the Samvatsari. The celebration of Samvatsari or Kshamavani (forgiveness) is the same for both the sects.
During Paryushan Parva, Jains increase their level of spiritual intensity using fasting and prayer/meditation. Not only underground vegetables but consuming fresh vegetables & fruits is also prohibited during Paryushan. The festival concludes with a time of confession and forgiveness for the transgressions of the previous year.
