Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that expand into the uterus. They form as a result of cells in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) overgrowing. These polyps are usually noncancerous (benign), although some can be cancerous or can turn into cancer (precancerous polyps). Uterine polyps range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters and can attach to the uterine wall by a large base or a thin stalk. There can be one or many uterine polyps, and they usually stay within the uterus, but they can slip through the opening of the uterus (cervix) into the vagina.
Signs and symptoms of uterine polyps include:
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause
- Bleeding between periods
- Frequent, unpredictable periods whose lengths and heaviness vary
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding after intercourse, outside of the menstrual period, or after menopause
- Irregular periods
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Infertility
- Dull abdominal aching due to large polyps
Diagnosis of uterine polyps can be done through several tests, including transvaginal ultrasound, saline infusion sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, and endometrial biopsy. Treatment for uterine polyps might involve surgical removal, hormonal medications, or a combination of both.
