what is ransomware in cyber security

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user or organizations files and demands a ransom payment for the decryption key. The attackers threaten to publish or block access to the data or computer system until the victim pays the ransom fee. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out using a Trojan, which enters a system through a malicious attachment, embedded link in a phishing email, or a vulnerability in a network service. After gaining access to a system, ransomware begins encrypting its files, making the content useless without the decryption key. There are two main types of ransomware: encryptors and screen lockers. Encryptors encrypt data on a system, while screen lockers simply block access to the system with a "lock" screen. Ransomware can spread across a network and target database and file servers, quickly paralyzing an entire organization. Ransomware attacks have become all too common and have impacted hospitals, public services, and various organizations. To prevent ransomware attacks, organizations should implement security measures such as regular backups, software updates, and employee training on how to identify and avoid phishing emails.