what is taurine

Taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, accounting for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine is named after Latin "taurus," meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827. It is naturally derived from cysteine, and mammalian taurine synthesis occurs in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. Taurine has various functions in the body, including supporting nerve growth, benefiting people with heart failure by lowering blood pressure, calming the nervous system, and potentially helping with conditions such as obesity, athletic performance, fatigue, and diabetes. It is also an essential amino acid for babies, and adults can make their own taurine, although high amounts of it can be found in meat and fish. Taurine is commonly consumed in foods and is considered possibly safe when used as a medicine for up to three months. It is important to note that taurine may have unproven claims, and more research is needed to fully understand its benefits. Taurine is also a main ingredient in many energy drinks, and alongside caffeine and sugar, it plays a role in supporting various bodily functions such as digestive, cardiovascular, skeletal, muscular, and nervous system functions.