Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He taught that the soul is substantial, eternal, and yet temporary, and that the metaphysical nature of the universe consists of dravya, jiva. The main teachings of Mahavira are:
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Ahimsa: Non-violence is the most important principle of Jainism. Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of ahimsa, satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment) are necessary for spiritual liberation.
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Anekantavada: Mahavira taught the principles of many-sided reality, syadvada, and nayavada.
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Aparigraha: Non-possessiveness is another important principle of Jainism.
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Brahmacharya: Mahavira taught to practice brahmacharya, which means staying away from any kind of sexual activities and sensual pleasures.
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Non-stealing: Mahavira clearly stated that one should not take anything that has not been given.
Mahaviras teachings were compiled by Gautama Swami, his chief disciple, as the Jain Agamas.
