when was the quran written

The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately 23 years, from 610 CE to 632 CE, the year of the Prophet's passing. During Muhammad's lifetime, the Quran was both memorized and written down on various materials such as parchments, stones, and leaves. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliph Abu Bakr ordered the compilation of the Quran into a single book, which was later standardized under the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan around 650 CE to ensure uniformity in the text across the Islamic empire. Some of the oldest existing Quran manuscripts date back to the 7th century, close to the time of these early compilations. This timeline reflects both the oral and written preservation of the Quran in its original language, Classical Arabic.