Jim Crow laws were passed primarily between the late 1870s (around 1877) and the early 1900s. These laws emerged in the Southern United States after the end of Reconstruction around 1877, when Southern state legislatures regained control and began passing laws enforcing racial segregation and white supremacy. Key periods of passage include the 1880s to early 1900s, with laws mandating segregation in public transportation, schools, and other public facilities. These laws remained in effect through the first half of the 20th century until the civil rights movement began fighting against them in the 1950s and 1960s.
